Mkwawa Journal of Education and Development (MJED)
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old Articles in Volume No. 1, Issue No. 1 (2017)
TitleThe Swahili Noun Phrase in its Sentential Aspect, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper articulates the syntactic properties of nouns in Swahili in relation to functional projections which are associated with both concord in determiner phrases and agreement in inflectional phrases. With regards to realisation of syntactic properties in Bantu noun phrases, three claims had been suggested based on different approaches, vis--vis the use of pre-prefix to denote discourse-based information about (in)definiteness, indication of phi-features in minimalist syntax by using the nominal prefix, and determination by demonstratives and possessives as supported by head proximity principle. Findings from Swahili texts point towards the fact that bare nouns receive either definite interpretation or indefinite reading depending on the context of communication. Therefore, the definite' indefinite distinction is not provided by physical linguistic materials, but by discourse-based contexts. Even when a demonstrative and/or possessive is used, it is the context of communication which situates the specific referent rather than the lexical entities. Findings indicate that the choice between demonstratives and possessives in determinations of Swahili NPs is also context bound.

K/Words

noun phrase; determination; definiteness; word order; Swahili

Author

Amani - Lusekelo

Uploaded

07 April 2019
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TitleDhamira za Maandishi ya Kuta za Vyooni Jijini Dar es Salaam, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Makala haya yanahusu dhamira za maandishi, hususani ya vyooni Jijini Dar es Salaam. Lengo ni kuangalia dhamira za maandishi hayo na nafasi yake kwa jamii. Katika uchambuzi tumetathmini ubunifu unaojitokeza katika maandishi hayo. Aidha, kwa kutumia mbinu za utafiti maktabani kama vile uchambuzi matini na mbinu za uwandani, tulipata data muafaka kuhusu suala la kiutafiti lililoshughulikiwa katika makala haya. Pia, tumedurusu maandiko mbalimbali yanayozungumzia dhamira katika maandishi yaliyoandikwa sehemu mbalimbali na namna lugha ilivyotumika kutoa mawasiliano. Aidha, tumetumia nadharia ya Elimu-mitindo ambayo ndiyo inayoongoza uchambuzi na mjadala katika makala haya. Hali kadhalika, kutokana na utafiti huu, imebainika kuwa dhamira zilizojitokeza zaidi ni zile zinazohusu maradhi, maarifa, maadili na dini. Ilibainika pia kuwa dhamira hizi zinaakisi muundo na mfumo wa maisha ya jamii husika. Kutokana na matokeo haya, imehitimishwa kuwa ubunifu uliopo kwenye maandiko ya vyooni unasawiri hali mbalimbali katika jamii kama vile mtazamo wa wanajamii kuhusu maana na umuhimu wa elimu, dini, maadili na utamaduni kwa ujumla. Hatimaye, katika makala haya tutaona jinsi lugha safihi (matumizi ya lugha yasiyo na adabu) inavyojitokeza katika maandishi ya vyooni.

K/Words

dhamira; ubunifu; elimu-mitindo; maandiko ya vyooni; lugha safihi

Author

Willy - Migodela

Uploaded

10 April 2019
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TitleMaasai Girls' Education Aspirations and Socio-Cultural Constraints: Reflections from Monduli Tanzania, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the Maasai girls' education aspirations and the social cultural constraints they face in their effort towards acquiring formal education in Monduli, Tanzania. Capability Approach (CA) was used to guide the understanding of girls' education aspirations. The study employed ethnographic research design by involving 30 participants across the community, including elders, parents, traditional leaders, children (school and out-of-school) and the district education officer. Participant observations and ethnographic interviews were used to collect data for a period of three months. Data were analysed thematically. As a result, the study revealed that girls and some other members in the Maasai society had positive views about girls' education. Girls had education aspirations of acquiring specific careers like being nurses, teachers and doctors. Their aspirations were, however, constrained by some traditional beliefs and practices such as early marriage, girls' circumcision and esoto (a night dance between young girls and the Moran). These traditional beliefs made the Maasai girls' aspirations unfulfilled as they slowly found themselves accustomed to these traditional arrangements while losing the ability to develop capabilities they would need to attain their education aspirations. The study, thus, argues that obstacles that hinder attainment of girls' aspirations on education need to be eliminated from the community. Formal education should enhance girl's agency in order to develop the capabilities they need for their social functioning.

K/Words

Maasai; girls' education; education aspirations; constrains to girls' education; Tanzania

Author

Adela R. Mtey

Uploaded

10 April 2019
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TitleTafsiri ya Majina Maalumu ya Kibantu: Umuhimu na Changamoto, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Katika mchakato wa kufanya tafsiri ya matini kutoka lugha chanzi kwenda lugha lengwa, mara nyingi majina maalumu hayatafsiriwi. Makala haya ya uchokozi yanajaribu kufafanua kuwa majina mengi ya Wabantu, ya mahali, na ya vitu mbalimbali yana maana maalumu kama vile kuonesha tabia au hali ya mtu, kuonesha tabia au hali ya watu wa ukoo fulani au watu wa mahali fulani. Pia, majina mengi maalumu ya mahali yanatumika kuonesha tabia na matumizi ya eneo fulani kama vile sehemu ya mito, misitu, mapango, milima au vilele vya milima. Mbinu mahuluti zilitumika kupata data katika makala haya. Kwanza, ni mbinu ya maktabani; na pili, ni mbinu ya uwandani. Kwa kuzingatia mwega wa kisemantiki na kiisimujamii, data ziliwasilishwa na kuchambuliwa ili kuibua maana zinazoambatana na majina hayo. Makala haya yanahoji kuwa kuna maarifa mengi muhimu yanayoweza kupatikana kwa kutafsiriwa majina maalumu ya Kibantu. Tafsiri ya majina maalumu ya Kibantu inaweza kuelimisha jamii kuhusu historia ya mahali na watu wake, shughuli na mahusiano ya kijamii, ya kiuchumi, ya kisiasa, ya kiutamaduni, ya kiimani, na ya kisayansi na teknolojia. Makala yanahitimisha kwamba kama tunataka kupata maarifa jumuishi juu ya yale yaliyomo katika matini chanzi, hasa kuhusiana na maana ya majina maalumu, hatuna budi kutafsiri majina hayo kwa wingi kadiri inavyowezekana.

K/Words

tafsiri; majina maalumu; kibantu; changamoto

Author

Focus - Nchimbi

Uploaded

10 April 2019
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TitleEmerging Street Youth Violent Groups in Musoma: What is the Role of Individual Parents' Socio-Economic Status (SES)? , Vol. 1, Issue 1
Abstract
This study presents findings regarding violence among emerging street youth violent groups in Musoma, Tanzania using a total sample of 94 (M = 20.02 years, SD = 4.05) respondents purposefully selected from four violent groups. Specific objectives included: examining the variation in violence involvement among the violent groups; establishing the level of relationship between individual parents' SES and the level of violent behaviour among the members of the violent groups; and examining to determine if individual parents' SES is a significant predictor of the development of violence among members of the violent groups. Findings revealed higher level of involvement in violent behaviours among groups (M = 70.85, SD = 11.14). The ANOVA results indicated a statistical significant difference [F (3, 90) = 6.035, p = 0.001] in the mean scores of the level of involvement in violent behaviour among the violent groups comprised of members drawn from different socio-economic status. The contribution of parents' socio-economic status (SES) on individual's violent behaviours measured by multiple regression analysis was weak (R =.112, p =.161). Thus, parents' SES is a weak and non-statistical significant predictor for individual's involvement in violence and violent acts. Thus, immediate intervention programmes such as establishment of rehabilitation centres and counselling services is recommended.

K/Words

youth; youth violence; aggression; SES, Musoma; Tanzania

Author

Faustine Bwire Masath

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10 April 2019
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TitleMustakabali wa Kiswahili kama Lugha ya Kufundishia Nchini Tanzania: Uhakiki wa Maudhui ya Sera ya Elimu na Mafunzo ya 2014, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Abstract
Msingi wa makala haya ni "Sera ya Elimu na Mafunzo" (SEM, 2014). Makala yanahakiki nafasi ya lugha ya Kiswahili kwenye Sera ya Elimu na Mafunzo nchini Tanzania na mustakabali wake kwenye mfumo wa elimu kama lugha ya kufundishia. Mbinu iliyotumika ni ya maktabani ambapo mwandishi alisoma na kuhakiki maudhui ya SEM msisitizo ukiwa kwenye masuala yahusuyo lugha ya kufundishia. Uchambuzi wa kiisimujamii ulitumika ili kuonesha ukinzani baina ya matamko ya SEM. Tamko la SEM kuhusu lugha ya Kiswahili kama lugha ya kufundishia haliakisi hali halisi. Uhusiano wa Kiisimujamii wa lugha ya Kiswahili na ya Kiingereza kuhusu elimu unatoa tafsiri kuwa endapo SEM itatumika bila nia ya dhati ya kuisaidia lugha ya Kiswahili basi lugha hiyo inaweza kutoweka kabisa kwenye mfumo wa elimu kama lugha ya kufundishia. Makala yanajenga hoja kuwa tamko la SEM kwamba Kiingereza na Kiswahili ziwe na hadhi sawa kwenye mfumo wa elimu linatia moyo kwa mustakabali wa lugha ya Kiswahili lakini utekelezaji wake unaibua changamoto nyingi kwa namna ambayo zisipotazamwa kwa makini lugha ya Kiingereza itaendelea kukita mizizi zaidi na kujenga uwezekano wa jamii kukataa kufundishwa kwa lugha ya Kiswahili kwa sababu mwelekeo wa jamii unanasibisha elimu na Kiingereza. Mwisho, wito unatolewa kwa watunga sera kusitisha kutumia lugha ya wachache kutoa elimu kwa wengi kwa kuwa kufanya hivyo ni kubadili malengo ya elimu.

K/Words

sera ya elimu; sera ya lugha; lugha ya kufundishia; Tanzania

Author

Gervas A. Kawonga

Uploaded

10 April 2019
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TitleDoes going abroad benefit my country? Views of highly skilled personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa on brain drain-brain circulation , Vol. 2, Issue 1
Abstract
The debate on brain drain-brain circulation has been a long-lasting phenomenon of interest among educators in the field of education, in particular, international and comparative education. This long-lasting debate triggered us to rethink about the effects which the concept has on the source country as well as the destination country. The study explored the perceptions of Highly Skilled Personnel (HSPs) residing in Sub-Saharan Africa on HSPs mobility. Respondents for this study comprised of 43 Sub-Saharan African scholars. Data were collected into two phases. First, all the 43 respondents actively participated in a four-day Online Focused Group Discussion (OFGD) moderated by the researchers. The second phase involved online interviews with 12 members who also participated in the first phase. Findings indicated that the majority of respondents favoured brain circulation. This implies a significant shift from brain drain to brain circulation. The socio-economic and political contexts of countries where respondents came from influenced their responses. We suggest that in the current globalized world, instead of restricting HSPs mobility, Sub-Saharan African countries need to create attractive working environment as a means to retain the best talents and motivate those who left to come back. Furthermore, Sub-Saharan African countries must work with diaspora to improve knowledge and business networks that will enable these countries to improve their economies thereby compensating the cost incurred in educating mobile talents. Finally, brain drain-brain circulation agenda should not be viewed in isolation rather as multidimensional in nature due to its overarching countless influencing factors.

K/Words

Highly Skilled Personnel (HSPs); HSPs mobility; Brain drain; Brain circulation; Sub-Saharan African countries

Author

Patrick Severine Kavenuke

Uploaded

21 October 2019
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TitleUwi ni Sifa ya Ujumi wa Kiafrika? Mifano kutoka Diwani ya Mnyampala, Mashairi ya Saadan na Kivuli cha Mvumo, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Abstract
Uwi ni dhana ya kiujumi inayowatatiza watu wengi kwa sababu huko nyuma ujumi ulijulikana kama uzuri. Jamii mbalimbali ulimwenguni zina aina mbalimbali za ujumi. Afrika ina aina mahsusi za ujumi ambazo hutambulishwa na vipengele anuwai katika sanaa zake. Makala hii inaangazia uthibitisho wa kuwa uwi ni sifa ya kiujumi wa Waafrika. Aidha, data zilizotumika katika makala hii zimekusanywa kwa njia ya maktaba iliyohusisha usomaji wa vitabu, makala na tasnifu. Njia hii ilitumika kwa sababu ya kupata data za upili na kubaini mapengo yaliyojitokeza katika tafiti zilizotangulia. Vitabu teuli ni vya mashairi kutoka diwani tatu ambazo ni Diwani ya Mnyampala ya Mathias Mnyampala, Mashairi ya Saadan ya Saadan Kandoro na Kivuli cha Mvumo ya Rashid Mfaume yamehusishwa kama rejea kuthibitisha kuwa uwi ni sifa ya ujumi wa Waafrika. Nadharia ya Unegritudi inayokitwa katika mikabala ya Kiafrika, ndiyo iliyoongoza mjadala wa matokeo wa makala hii. Imethibitika kuwa uwi ni kitu cha kiujumi hivyo kinapaswa kumakinikiwa kwa namna iliyo sawa na uzuri.

K/Words

Ujumi; Uwi; Waafrika; Idili

Author

Birigitha Ngwano John

Uploaded

21 October 2019
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TitleKiswahili Katika Taathira ya Kihistoria na Mielekeo ya Kisiasa kama Lugha ya Kufundishia, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Abstract
Makala hii inahusu Kiswahili katika taathira ya kihistoria na mielekeo ya kisiasa kama lugha ya kufundishia elimu ya juu hapa nchini Tanzania. Makala hii inaeleza mambo yanayosababisha mielekeo tofauti ya watu kuhusu upokezi na matumizi ya lugha ya Kiswahili kama lugha ya kufundishia elimu ya juu nchini Tanzania ili kushurutisha ukubalifu wake. Baadhi ya masuala yanayochunguzwa ni yale yanayotiliwa shaka kuhusu uwezo wa lugha ya Kiswahili kumudu na kukidhi harakati za mahitaji ya kufundishia elimu ya juu, pamoja na kupitisha teknolojia mpya inayoinukia katika nyanja za sayansi na teknolojia. Aidha, makala hii inanuia kufafanua ukubalifu, pamoja na msingi wa mielekeo ya Watanzania kutoipatia kipaumbele lugha ya Kiswahili kama lugha inayoweza kukidhi mahitaji ya kufundishia elimu ya juu hapa nchini. Data za msingi katika makala hii zilipatikana maktabani kwa kudurusu nyaraka mbalimbali zilizohusiana na mada iliyolengwa. Mapitio ya nyaraka mbalimbali zilizotumika kushadidia data za msingi za mada iliyochunguzwa zilipatikana katika maktaba ya chuo kikuu cha Kikatoliki cha Ruaha iliyopo Iringa. Makala hii inahitimisha kwamba lugha za kigeni na zile za kiasili zinaweza kuendelea kutumika pamoja katika ngazi zote za elimu ili kuziwezesha kutekeleza vema dhima zake.

K/Words

Taathira; Taathira ya kihistoria; Mielekeo ya kisiasa; Lugha ya kufundishia

Author

Gerephace - Mwangosi

Uploaded

21 October 2019
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TitleEditorial, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Abstract
Editorial

K/Words

Editorial; MJED; Vol 2

Author

Editor - -

Uploaded

21 October 2019
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TitleChild Marriage among Maasai Girl Students in Tanzania: The Case of Kilosa District, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Abstract
This study explored the reasons for persistence of child marriage among Maasai girl-students in Tanzania. Three research questions guided this study, namely: Why does girl students' marriage among the Maasai community of Tanzania continue to exist? What is the position of education stakeholders in protecting girls from child marriage? What strategies should be taken to address child marriage in the Maasai community? The study employed qualitative research approach where a case study design was used to explore the problem. It adopted interviews, focus group discussion and observations as research methods. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were employed to get 39 participants who were involved in this study. Data were analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis strategies. The findings revealed that child marriage is still practiced in the Maasai community where the legible age for marriage of Maasai girls range from 6 to 15 years depending on the number of competing men and the economic status of the family of the boy or girl. Society members employ persuasion and pressure, transfer of students, pregnancy and corruption to enable marriage of Maasai girl students. In addition, the findings revealed that Maasai traditions and customs, fear of early pregnancies, corruption and irresponsibility of leaders, poverty and undervaluing of education are the factors contributing to persistence of child marriage among the Maasai girl students. The study recommends that the government in collaboration with other stakeholders should aggressively implement laws protecting children. A close monitoring of local leaders' actions by top government leaders to help combating child marriage is also recommended. Moreover, joint efforts are needed to educate society members and girl-students on the negative impact of child marriage and the importance of girls' education.

K/Words

Child marriage; Maasai Girl Students; girl child's education; Tanzania

Author

Jonathan - Ndaula

Uploaded

17 June 2020
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TitleThe Challenges Facing the Management of Immigration in Tanzania and Zambia: A case of Tunduma and Nakonde, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Abstract
Immigration is a global development issue impacting on the development trajectories of all countries. Tanzania, for instance, has seen large numbers of illegal immigrants from Burundi, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Somalia who flee their countries because of political unrest and economic difficulties. Consequently, illegal immigration has been increasing from time to time in Tanzania. This study examined the challenges facing the management of immigration in Tanzania. Specifically, the paper used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the existence and flow of illegal immigrants, causes and the challenges facing the management of illegal immigration in Tanzania and Zambia. The study found the existence of illegal immigration between Zambia and Tanzania. The patterns of flow of illegal immigrants are mainly of Zambia to Tanzania. Such pattern is caused by sharing common and related languages, colonial legacies and trade. The challenges to controlling of illegal immigration include inadequate immigration personnel and immigration control equipment, poor cooperation between coercive apparatus and the civilians and the influx of large population of immigrants. The study concludes that addressing illegal immigration requires collaboration and cooperation between Tanzania and Zambia coercive apparatus and integrating the citizens who are living along the borders.

K/Words

Illegal immigration, Immigrants, Immigration, Tanzania, Zambia

Author

David - Msokwe

Uploaded

17 June 2020
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TitleEnglish Language Teachers' Understanding of the Communicative Language Teaching Approach in Public Primary Schools in Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Tanzania implements Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach to the teaching of English subject in its primary schools. However, it is not clear whether or not the subject teachers understand the CLT as an English language pedagogical approach. The study employed qualitative research approach and phenomenology as its design to explore the teachers' understanding of the CLT approach. Five public primary schools selected based on the good performance established from their Standard (STD) Seven National Examinations (NECTA) for four years (2013-2016) were involved. Data were generated through interviews with subject teachers, head teachers, Ward Educational Officers (WEOs) and District Education Quality Assurers (DEQAs); and through Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) with STD VI pupils. The findings indicate that teachers teaching English subject, notwithstanding that the subject Syllabus required them to implement CLT principles and techniques, they were not able to associate the principles and techniques stated in the Syllabus with the concept of CLT approach. Although a few subject teachers were able to explain the techniques stated in the subject Syllabus, education supervisors emphasised that teachers still were not able to apply the techniques as required. It concludes that CLT approach was adopted for implementation in public primary schools before teachers had been adequately oriented to it. Thus, when the new approach is to be adopted, teachers should first be adequately trained.

K/Words

Communicative Language Teaching; English Language Teaching; Language Teacher Training; Language Curriculum

Author

Philpo Gwevu John

Uploaded

07 July 2020
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TitleDoes movie subtitling enhance second language learning in Tanzania's secondary schools? Insights from English subtitles of Bongo Movie, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Audio-visual materials such as subtitled films have been shown to play an important role in language learning. This paper examines the usefulness of the subtitled movies to enhance second language learning. A focus is on Bongo Movies, a modern film industry in Tanzania and its influence among the Swahili learners of English as a second language. To explain the situation, a subtitled Bongo Movie clip was given to 26 form three students from Makongo and Jitegemee secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. Thereafter, focus group discussions with students were conducted. The findings show that subtitled movies helped students to learn some new vocabularies from the clip which happens consciously or subconsciously; and increase their reading speed. It was also found that students with good English proficiency did not find Bongo Movies with English subtitles useful learning tool. The study therefore, calls for more research on the interface of subtitling and second language learning.

K/Words

Subtitling; Bongo Movies; Second Language Learning; Tanzania

Author

Anselmina Albin Shinyaka

Uploaded

09 July 2020
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TitlePre-marital fertility tendency in Dodoma city council, Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Premarital fertility which is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with future marriage breakdown, dropping out of school, illegal abortion, child abandonment, mortality among the new born babies as well as maternal mortality. This study conducted a demographic survey from a sample of 140 females of reproductive age employed in the 22 service providing group companies in the premises of Dodoma City Council. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview and observation were used to collect information from among the respondents. The findings reveal the presence of high premarital fertility so much that, 75 per cent of the respondents have children but 62.9 per cent of them got their first birth before the first marriage. Also, the girls beget the children at an average of 21 years of their age, however, the mean age of the first birth 18.6 years. A number of reasons for this phenomenon were identified. These include poverty, level of education and the level of contraceptive use. The findings suggest the need to scale up government efforts to address premarital fertility in Tanzania.

K/Words

Premarital fertility; First birth; First marriage; Dodoma City Council

Author

Paul Jacob Nyangusi

Uploaded

09 July 2020
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TitleIntegrating Geo-information through Citizen Scientists, Sensors and Actuators: Opportunities and Challenges in the Lake Victoria Basin, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Communicating information with location data is considered to be of higher value and informative. While data collected, processed and shared through citizen science, sensing and actuation is on increase, the quality has continuously been questioned. This paper identifies opportunities and challenges in engaging with wide spectrum of citizens in using geo-coding tools to increase the quality of data and effectively inform water resources sustainability. The study was conducted in Mwanza region, a potential area within the Lake Victoria Basin of Tanzania. Focusing on formal institutions of citizen engagement in irrigated lands in the study area, data were collected through questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Data were analysed using NVivo, Quantum GIS and IBM SPSS. Results indicated that the most prominent opportunities were the presence of substantial number of semi-literate and literate persons of age most active in citizen engagement programs and increasing utilisation of renewable sources of energy especially solar energy. The most prominent challenges were inadequate ownership and access to ICT devices that support geo-coding, inadequate access to grid electricity and poor rural mobile network to support usability of devices. Discussion of results was based on the characteristics of citizen engagement of inclusivity, transparency, breadth of coverage, depth of coverage, passion, scope, scale and relevance. The study concludes that despite presence of geo-coding platform that can engage wider public in managing their water resources in the Lake Victoria Basin, there are more challenges than opportunities to realise this goal.

K/Words

Water resources; Lake Victoria Basin; informing; geo-coding; citizen engagement; citizen Science

Author

Hector J. Mongi

Uploaded

09 July 2020
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TitleUrudiaji kama Nyenzo ya Ushikamani katika Magazeti ya Kiswahili: Uchambuzi wa Tahariri za Gazeti la Raia Mwema, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Ushikamani katika matini hutekelezwa kwa kutumia ala tano zilizo katika viwango viwili vya lugha: urejezi, ubadala, udondoshaji na uunganishaji katika kiwango cha sarufi na uteuzi wa msamiati katika kiwango cha kileksika. Urudiaji ni sehemu ndogo ya ala ya ushikamani katika uteuzi wa msamiati. Kiwango cha ujitokezaji wa ala tofauti katika matini hutofautiana. Kutamalaki kwa baadhi ya ala kuliko nyingine hutofautisha mitindo ya uandishi. Lengo la makala haya ni kuchunguza ikiwa urudiaji ni ala ya ushikamani inayotumika katika uandishi wa magazeti. Tahariri tano za Raia Mwema zilifanyiwa uchambuzi ili kubaini kama urudiaji ni ala inayotumika kujenga ushikamani. Matokeo yanaonesha kwamba tahariri hizo hufanya urudiaji wa neno lilelile, visawe, nusu visawe, neno jumuishi au neno shabihi. Imebainika kwamba, urudiaji wa neno lilelile hutumika zaidi wakati urudiaji wa sinonimia, neno jumuishi na neno shabihi unajitokeza kwa viwango vya chini. Kuhusu uhusiano wa ala na umbali wa utokeaji katika matini kuna matokeo ya aina mbili. Kwa upande mmoja, urudiaji wa neno lilelile ni mkubwa zaidi mwanzoni na mwishoni mwa matini. Kwa upande wa pili, utokeaji wa neno lilelile unatokea kwenye umbali wa kati kwa namna isiyo tabirifu. Hali hii inadokeza kwamba urudiaji kama ala, unaweza kujitokeza katika umbali wowote kutoka kwenye udhanilizi. Pendekezo la makala haya ni kwamba zifanyike tafiti linganishi ili kuonesha uwiano wa ala ya urudiaji na ala zingine za ushikamani katika magazeti mbalimbali ili kutoa ufahamu zaidi wa mitindo ya uandishi wa magazetini kwa upana wake.

K/Words

Ushikamani, urudiaji, Raia Mwema, Tahariri

Author

Gervas A. Kawonga

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09 July 2020
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TitleContribution of cash transfers to poverty reduction: Children's access to schooling and household health services in Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of cash transfers (CTs) to poverty reduction through the improvement of children's schooling and household health status in Tanzania. CTs are considered a popular social policy instrument to address the widespread poverty and encourage human capital investments in the education of children and household health. However, few studies have rigorously assessed their effectiveness in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Tanzania. To fill the information gap, a case study was conducted by which both primary and secondary data were respectively collected through the administration of field data collection instruments and desk review of various documents on CTs in connection with children's education and household health status. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed to collect data from households receiving CTs and some key informants. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data while the quantitative data were analysed by the help of IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme version 22. Descriptive statistics was computed to obtain frequencies and percentages. Cross tabulation was also employed to establish the relationship between variables at 5% level of significance. The study results showed a positive relationship between the average amount of CTs provided and the amount spent on children's education. Furthermore, it was found that all the respondents registered their households' members with Community Health Fund by using the CTs provided. The paper concludes that CTs play a vital role in improving children's schooling and health status of the household members, thus contributing to poverty reduction. It is recommended that Cash Transfer Programmes (CTPs) should go beyond giving CTs to the targeted households.

K/Words

Poverty; cash transfers; education; health; children; Tanzania

Author

Venosa A. Mushi

Uploaded

10 July 2020
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TitlePlanning for Agricultural Space in Developing Countries and the Changing Nature of Shifting Cultivation among Smallholder Farmers: A Case of Ludewa District in Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
The nature of shifting cultivation has kept on changing to reflect the ongoing local conflicts in land used for agricultural production. This study examines the manifestation of change in space used for shifting cultivation among smallholder farmers as a result of planning for agricultural space in four villages in Ludewa District. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. Questionnaires, in-depth interview, satellite images and field visits were the major instruments of data collection. The data were qualitatively and quantitatively analysed. The study found that change in land cover reflects the changing area used for shifting cultivation. Besides, the study found a reduction in fallow period to as short as three to five years. In addition, we found that even though, the shifting cultivation was prevalent in the study area, it was common in areas allocated by village governments. The study concludes that space for shifting cultivation has not only shrunk but also its nature has kept on changing in response to existing socio-economic factors, especially government policies on re-settlement and promotion of cash crops. The paper recommends that any planning for agricultural landscape should consider the changing nature of shifting cultivation, especially on the use of the so called 'abandoned lands'.

K/Words

Planning for agricultural space; shifting cultivation; smallholder farmers; Ludewa; Tanzania.

Author

Cosmas B.M. Haule

Uploaded

10 July 2020
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TitleDynamics of Gender Relations and Climate Change Adaptation Strategies among Pastoralists in Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper is based on a study conducted in Kilosa District, Tanzania. It assessed how pastoralists adapt to climate change with respect to the existing inequalities in gender relations. It adopted a cross-sectional research design where both primary and secondary data deployed using questionnaire and interview and desk review of various documents respectively on gender relations and climate change adaptation strategies. The data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software and the analysis was largely descriptive. The study results show that inequality in gender relations exists among the pastoralists in terms of household division of labour, ownership of resources and decision-making. Also, strategies such as crop farming, selling of animals, migration, shifting to new areas and fencing reserve pasture were used to adapt to climate change. The paper concludes that despite the strategies used to adapt to climate change impacts, the existing gender inequalities among the study population renders women vulnerable to climate change impacts. It is suggested that the government should institute gender sensitive policies and strategies on household division of labour, ownership of resources and decision-making to trim down women's vulnerability to climate change impact.

K/Words

Climate change; decision-making; adaptation strategies; gender; Tanzania

Author

Mamkwe Caludia Edward

Uploaded

10 July 2020
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TitleAssessment of natural resources use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania: A review, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
This review paper dwells on assessing natural resources use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania. Different documents with information on farmers-pastoralists conflicts in Tanzania were reviewed. The resources considered in this paper were land, water and forests (pasture land). Land is the main resource for the livelihoods of both farmers and pastoralists. Different activities are performed on land including grazing and farming; these activities are not compatible to each other. This paper revealed different causes of land use conflicts such as shortage of grazing land and farming, climate change, drought, decline of soil fertility and lack of clear boundaries between pastoralists and farmers' villages. Results of farmers-pastoralists conflicts include damage of crops, destruction of property, killing of animals and human beings and insecurity. The study findings show that village conflict resolution committee under village leaders plays a major role in conflict mitigation. This study recommends mediations and resolutions such as formulation of land use planning, intensive farming, reducing number of animals, enactment of villages natural resources management by-laws, enforcing laws and policies, strengthening outreach services to farmers and pastoralist to change their negative perception so that they can realise the economic benefits of natural resources if managed and used sustainably.

K/Words

Conflicts; Farmers; Land use; Natural resources; Pastoralists

Author

Emmanuel Patroba Mhache

Uploaded

10 July 2020
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TitleThe Socio-Economic Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Rural Livelihoods in Southern Tanzania: The Case of Tunduru District., Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper analyses the impact of rural-urban migration on rural livelihoods. It specifically looks at such impacts as jobs or other sources of income which give someone the money to buy the goods and services needed in the daily life. The study was undertaken in Tunduru district in southern Tanzania. Research methods used included structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussions and literature review. The 2 test indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between migration and support received for rural livelihoods as the calculated value of 9.609 was higher than the table or critical value of 3.841 at p> 0.05. A high proportion of families with migrants received support compared to those without. From this, the paper recommends that in areas lagging behind in development, rural -urban migration can be considered as a strategy for poverty reduction. This, however, does not preclude other strategies for reducing poverty in rural areas including improved agricultural techniques and government support for non- farm activities.

K/Words

Socio-Economic Impact; Rural-Urban Migration; Rural livelihoods; migration; Tanzania

Author

Asnath Alberto Malekela

Uploaded

10 July 2020
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TitleFactors Influencing International Market Entry Strategies: A Case Study of South African Companies Operating Business in Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine factors which Influence international market entry strategies to Tanzania with specific reference to South African companies. The companies selected were TBL, NBC, Vodacom Tanzania Limited, Murray and Robert Construction Company and Protea Hotel. A total of 55 respondents were used as a sample. The study used two methods in collecting data. These methods were questionnaire and interview. In this Paper both Qualitative and Quantitative were used in data analysis. Data were compiled and coded in tabular form in terms of ratio, percentages. For the case of non-quantifiable content analysis was applied. The study found out that there are a number of factors which influence international market entry strategies to Tanzania. Respondents mentioned economic factors as the first factor which influenced international market strategies to Tanzania. This was followed by legal factors and international experience. From the operational experiences, study found out that company approach and mapping-out mode of market entry is crucial for business success by engaging local partners, building relationships with local people, recognizing and entering into partnership with strong partners and brand and building brand trust in the brand. From the findings of the study a number of recommendations have been provided in order to strengthen and build strong relation between Tanzania and South African companies.

K/Words

Key Word: Internationalization, Entry Modes and Factors

Author

WILLIAM LAURENT MBOMA

Uploaded

13 December 2020
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TitleContribution of cash transfers to poverty reduction: Children''s access to schooling and household health services in Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of cash transfers (CTs) to poverty reduction through the improvement of children's schooling and household health status in Tanzania. CTs are considered a popular social policy instrument to address the widespread poverty and encourage human capital investments in the education of children and household health. However, few studies have rigorously assessed their effectiveness in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Tanzania. To fill the information gap, a case study was conducted by which both primary and secondary data were respectively collected through the administration of field data collection instruments and desk review of various documents on CTs in connection with children's education and household health status. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed to collect data from households receiving CTs and some key informants. Content analysis was used for the qualitative data while the quantitative data were analysed by the help of IBM SPSS Statistics computer programme version 22. Descriptive statistics was computed to obtain frequencies and percentages. Cross tabulation was also employed to establish the relationship between variables at 5% level of significance. The study results showed a positive relationship between the average amount of CTs provided and the amount spent on children's education. Furthermore, it was found that all the respondents registered their households' members with Community Health Fund by using the CTs provided. The paper concludes that CTs play a vital role in improving children's schooling and health status of the household members, thus contributing to poverty reduction. It is recommended that Cash Transfer Programmes (CTPs) should go beyond giving CTs to the targeted households.

K/Words

Poverty; cash transfers; education; health; children; Tanzania

Author

Cosmas B.M. Haule

Uploaded

23 July 2021
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TitleThe Role of Secondary School Heads?? Classroom Visits in Delivery of Quality Instruction in Biharamulo District, Tanzania, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Abstract
Abstract The study examined the role of school heads?? classroom visits in the delivery of quality instruction in Biharamulo district, Tanzania. A mixed methods approach and a descriptive survey design using a sample of 73 were used. Data collection involved questionnaires and focus group discussions whereas quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while the qualitative data was analyzed through thematic techniques. The findings indicated that teachers perceived school heads?? classroom visits as democratic and feedback oriented. School heads?? classroom visits made teachers to deliver new materials and engage students in classrooms. The lack of observation skills challenged school heads?? classroom visits. The paper unveils classroom visits as a tool for effective delivery of quality instructions. We recommend that school heads need training to acquire classroom observational skills.

K/Words

Key words: School heads, classroom visits, quality instruction, teachers

Author

LOGATUS TUMUSIME LOGATION

Uploaded

05 January 2022
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TitleRural Livelihood and Household Survival Strategies in Ileje District, Tanzania, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine rural livelihood and household survival strategies of the indigenous people in stressed environment in Tanzania using Ileje district as a case study. A total of 496 heads of households were involved in this study. The study used both quantitative and qualitative techniques in collecting and analysing data where household questionnaire, in-depth interviews, field observations, focus group discussions and documentary review were used as data gathering techniques. The study results indicate that, out-migration, intensification of agricultural production such as coffee, pyrethrum, maize, rice, millet and bananas, establishment of petty businesses within and outside the district, wage employment in growing district trading centres and involvement in casual labour major was a livelihood activities in the study areas The study concludes The study concludes that the adopted rural livelihood and household survival strategies were seen to be useful for the people in Ileje district. However, none of them deemed to be sustainable; rather Ileje people used them interchangeably. The study recommends to improve agricultural production in the rural district to minimize out-migration among the young population.

K/Words

Household; Survival strategies; Rural livelihood; Ileje district; Tanzania

Author

Christopher A Mulungu

Uploaded

31 January 2022
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TitleTeachers?? Knowledge and Perception on the Inclusion of Pupils with Moderate Deaf-blindness in Primary School Classrooms: Implications for Instructional Practices, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Abstract
The article presents findings of the qualitative study on primary school teachers?? knowledge and perception on inclusion of pupils with moderate deaf-blindness in regular education classrooms in Tanzania. Twenty-eight classroom teachers and eight pupils with moderate deaf-blindness from four inclusive public primary schools participated in semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and post-observation interviews. The findings indicated that teachers had limited knowledge over the learning needs of the pupils with deaf-blindness. They were unable to tell the communication needs, environmental adaptations and technological assistive devices in responding to their diverse needs. Although a few primary school teachers were able to mention some learning needs for deafness or blindness on categorical basis, deaf-blindness were not being attended. It was also found that most primary school teachers had medical-pathological view over these pupils, which means they did not provide appropriate instructional support. However, a few primary school teachers regarded inclusion as a basic right to education for all, and these teachers were enthusiastic on and committed to instruct all pupils notwithstanding the individual differences. It was also revealed that pupils with moderate deaf-blindness felt as less valued due to some apparent segregative behaviours manifested during classroom instructions. The study, therefore, recommends the training for teachers?? that would focus on changing the teachers?? negative perception over the inclusion of pupils with moderate deaf-blindness in regular or inclusive classrooms.

K/Words

Teachers?? perceptions; instructional practices; moderate deaf-blindness; inclusive education

Author

Manini - Wakuru

Uploaded

31 January 2022
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TitleHIV/AIDS Prevalence in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania and the Challenges Facing Donor Funded Projects in Kilolo District, Iringa Region, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Tanzania, like any other Sub Saharan African country has been grappling with HIV/AIDS since 1980s. While the national average of HIV/AIDS infection was 4.8% in 2019, the Southern Highlands display high prevalent standing at 9.1%. This is appalling given the presence of various donor-funded projects focusing on the prevention of HIV/AIDS in the region. This paper sought to unravel the inherent reasons behind the failure of donor-funded projects to effectively address HIV/AIDS infection in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania especially in Iringa Region. A mixed-method approach was applied whereby quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analysed. The findings revealed a number of donor-funded projects operating in Kilolo District focusing on prevention of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It was also observed that the donor-funded projects encounter a number of challenges which hinder their efforts to scale down HIV/AIDS prevalence. The challenges include irregular monitoring and evaluation of the programs, lack of leadership and management skills as well as limited training to build the capacity of beneficiaries. This paper recommends that more efforts should be made to increase the level of inclusiveness at the local level along with improving monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. This will enhance the sustainability of donor funded projects and hence reduce the severity of HIV/AIDS in the region especially in Kilolo District.

K/Words

Donor Funded Project; HIV/AIDS; Southern Highland; Tanzania

Author

Chakupewa Joseph Mpambije

Uploaded

31 January 2022
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TitleThe Prospects of Land Tenure Systems on Smallholder Agriculturists in Tanzania: A case of Mbozi District, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Abstract
This article addresses the prospects of land tenures systems on agricultural productivity in Songwe Region, Tanzania. The study is based on both secondary and primary data. The sample size involved was 307 of which 300 were randomly sampled to respond to questionnaires and seven were selected by snowball technique. Primary data were collected by questionnaires, in-depth interviews and observation method and secondary data were collected by documentary review. Findings indicate that there were mainly two systems of land occupancy in Mbozi District, the traditional or customary and statutory land occupancy which were influenced by cultivation systems, capacity building, population increase, in-migration and land leasing. Further analysis revealed that the customary land occupancy is dominant in the district. The study found that land tenure influenced agricultural productivity though the inclusion of other factors such as migration, technology, the use of chemical fertilizers and capacity building were necessary to reach such conclusion. Variation between rural and urban based on the influence of land tenure on agricultural productivity was also observed in such a way that factors like in-migration and population growth led to the decline of agricultural productivity in urban as opposed to rural areas. It is concluded that the influence of statutory and customary land tenure systems on agricultural productivity is significant when other factors of production remained constant. The study recommends that policies, laws and regulations that guide land tenure and agricultural production should be re-set based on recent changes.

K/Words

Land tenure; Agriculturalists; Smallholders; Mbozi District

Author

David - Msokwe

Uploaded

02 February 2022
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TitleMatumizi ya mbinu za kisanaa katika kutafsiri lugha ya ishara: Mifano kutoka riwaya ya Shetani Msalabani, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Kazi mbalimbali za kisanaa ikiwamo fasihi, husukwa kwa kutumia lugha ya ishara ambayo huibua maana mbalimbali kwa wasomaji. Makala hii inamulika mbinu za kisanaa zilizotumika kutafsiri lugha ya kiishara katika riwaya ya Shetani Msalabani iliyotafsiriwa kutoka katika lugha ya Kiingereza na Ngugi wa Thiong??o. Pamoja na wataalamu mbalimbali kutafiti kuhusu matatizo ya tafsiri, bado tafsiri ya kifasihi haijafanyiwa tafiti za kutosha hususan katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Tafiti nyingi zimekitwa katika matatizo ya tafsiri kwa ujumla. Wataalamu mbalimbali wa tafsiri, hususan za kifasihi wametafiti kuhusu mbinu, nadharia na matatizo ya kutafsiri matini za kifasihi. Aidha, suala la mbinu za kisanaa zinazotumika kutafsiri lugha ya ishara katika kazi za kifasihi halijashughulikiwa vilivyo. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchambua mbinu za kisanaa ambazo hutumiwa na mfasiri katika kujenga lugha ya ishara katika kazi ya fasihi. Data za makala hii zilitokana na mbinu ya usomaji matini iliyohusisha matini chanzi, matini lengwa na vyanzo vingine vya taarifa kama vitabu, tasinifu, majarida, makala na vyanzo vya mtandao vimesomwa. Mjadala wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Ulinganifu wa Kimawasiliano. Makala hii imebaini kuwa, mfasiri hutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kisanaa katika kutafsiri lugha ya ishara katika kazi za kifasihi. Mbinu hizo ni kama vile utomeleaji, motifu ya safari na tamathali za semi.

K/Words

Lugha ya ishara; Mbinu za kisanaa; Tafsiri; Shetani Msalabani

Author

Birigitha Ngwano John

Uploaded

02 February 2022
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TitleMikakati ya kukabiliana na dosari katika ujifunzaji wa kiswahili kama lugha ya pili miongoni mwa wanafunzi wa jamiilugha ya Wahaya, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Abstract
Makala haya yanabainisha na kujadili mikakati ya kukabiliana na dosari zinazojitokeza katika utendaji wa wajifunzaji wa jamiilugha ya Wahaya wanapojifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili. Mikakati inayojadiliwa imetokana na data iliyopatikana kwa mbinu ya hojaji katika utafiti uliofanyika katika shule za misingi wilayani Missenyi, mkoani Kagera. Walimu wanaofundisha Kiswahili walihusishwa kujaza hojaji kama watoataarifa. Mikakati iliyobainishwa na watoataarifa ilielekezwa moja kwa moja kwa walimu wanaofundisha Kiswahili, wajifunzaji wenyewe, wazazi, taasisi zilizopewa jukumu la kusimamia matumizi ya Kiswahili pamoja na watafiti wa Kiswahili. Mikakati iliyobainishwa ni pamoja na kusimamia matumizi ya Kiswahili, kuzingatia kaida za ufundishaji wa lugha ya pili, kufundisha Kiswahili kwa misingi ya kimawasiliano, kutumia Kiswahili fasaha katika ufundishaji, kuchapisha vitabu, kuelimisha wazazi na kutoa motisha kwa walimu na wajifunzaji, kuhakikisha matokeo ya utafiti yanawafikia walengwa. Kutokana na mikakati hiyo, imebainika kuwa dosari zinaweza kukabiliwa kwa kiwango cha juu na zitabaki zile zinazosababishwa na hali ya kibiolojia za kila mjifunzaji husika.

K/Words

Lugha ya Kwanza; Lugha ya Pili; Dosari; Makosa; Mikakati

Author

Deodatus - Rutagwerela

Uploaded

31 March 2022
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TitlePractices of Geographical Studies Teaching for Secondary Schools in Tanzania: A Case of Kinondoni Municipal Council Dar es Salaam, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the practices of geographical studies teaching in secondary schools in Kinondoni Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Specifically, the study explored three objectives ; one, the methods used and skills provided to students through geography teaching; second, the teaching materials used and classroom management techniques applied in geography teaching; and third, the assessment of teachers participation in professional development. A qualitative approach was used in this study. Purposive sampling was used to select the Kinondoni municipal council. Simple random sampling was used to select 3 schools out of 143 secondary schools. Purposive sampling was used to choose twenty (20) respondents, whereby twelve (12) were students, six (6) geography teachers and two (2) head of schools. A semi-structured interview guide was used as a data collection tool. Qualitative data was analyzed through a content analysis whereby the process of categorizing verbal data to classify, summarize and tabulate the data was conducted. The findings show that questions and answers were the most methods used by teachers, while audio visual was least method used by teachers. The study revealed that, map reading was a highly skill acquired by students. The study also showed that exercise book for lesson notes was teaching material most used by teachers. Questions and answers were the most classroom management techniques used by teachers. Furthermore, the findings postulated that, big number of teachers had not attended geography professional development since they have been employed. The study concludes that there are minor practical differences in geography teaching in schools. The study recommends that there is a need to improve the practices of geography teaching in secondary schools in Tanzania.

K/Words

Geographical Studies; Municipal council; Practices; Secondary School; Teaching

Author

Steward Ngangard Lulamye

Uploaded

28 February 2023
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TitleClimate Change Impacts and Adaptation on Pastoralists?? Livelihoods: A Case of Longido District, Tanzania, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Abstract
Pastoralism is one of the sectors most vulnerable to climate change impacts. The impact is thought to be stronger in semi-arid areas. This study aimed at assessing climate change impacts on pastoralists?? livelihoods in Orkejuloongishu and Armanie villages administratively found in Longido District. Questionnaire surveys, interviews, documentary reviews, site visits and focus group discussions were used to collect data. The analysis of data employed the use of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 22.0 and Microsoft Excel. Findings revealed that, climate change led to tremendous decrease in number of livestock and increase of both diseases and food insecurity. As a response to the problem, some pastoralists switched to petty trade (46%), buying food (13%) and farming (9%). Both traditional and modern knowledge on climate change is very minimal. This may be attributed to low level of education, as majority (43%) of the respondents in the study area do not have formal education. As a result, adaptive strategies become more difficult, thus making their lives more vulnerable to climate change consequences. The study concludes that pastoralists?? livelihoods are in great jeopardy due to change in climate. Therefore, further efforts are needed in terms of education, information flow, government and other stakeholders?? involvement not only to rescue, but also in planning and implementing the strategies to adapt to climate change. The situation calls for other plans and practices to diversify climate change adaption strategies beyond those currently used by pastoralists.

K/Words

Climate change; pastoralists; livelihoods; Longido; Tanzania

Author

Lucas Selestine Massay

Uploaded

28 February 2023
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TitleThe Contribution of Wildlife Management Areas to Women??s Well-Being: A Case of Enduiment Division, Longido District, Tanzania, Vol. 4, Issue 2
Abstract
The Tanzanian Government in the late 1980s introduced Community Based Conservation (CBC) approaches that encouraged wildlife management at the community level. The study on which this manuscript is based was conducted in Tinga and Olmolog wards in Longido district, Tanzania to assess the contribution of Enduimet Wildlife Management Area (EWMA) on women??s well-being. Specifically, the study aimed to identify the economic activities supported by it in the study area, assessing its contribution to women??s well- being and to examine the challenges faced by the women involved with EWMA activities. The study employed a multistage sampling whereby Enduimet was purposefully selected and simple random sampling was used to select the study wards villages and the respondents. The study used a cross-sectional research design to collect data from 120 respondents from Olmolog and Tinga villages. Findings show that the main economic activities supported by EWMA include provision of financial grants, road construction support and provision of torches for scaring crops destructive animals. In addition, EWMA contributes significantly (P<0.001) to women??s income and their social well-being through provision of water services, gender training, building of classrooms and provision of scholarship to some families. The main challenges found in this study include destruction of crops by wild animals, injuries and death of people and livestock. The study concludes that EWMA contributes to women??s well-being economically and socially. Nonetheless, Village Game Scouts, District Game Officers and Livestock and Agricultural Extension Officers need to design, develop and advice better methods of preventing destructive wild animals from destroying peoples crops and livestock.

K/Words

Wildlife Management Areas; Women??s Well-Being; Enduiment; Tanzania

Author

Sia J Temu

Uploaded

01 March 2023
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TitleWhy is Qualitative Research Sparse in Africa? Understanding Interviewsas a Data Collection method, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper addresses the reasons qualitative research appear to be more popular in the western countries than in African countries. Specifically, the paper explores interview as a qualitative data collection tool and provides details of required documents for conducting interviews. Drawing on extant literature and the observations and experiences of the authors while conducting both quantitative and qualitative research in Nigeria, an African country and Australia, a western country, the paper identifies the cultural and technological differences between Nigeria and Australia as significant for the quality of data that can be collected using interviews. In addition, cultural and technological challenges such as superstitions, lifestyle of narcissism and dominance, inaccessibility to internet services and poor urban planning are discussed as accountable for sparse qualitative research in Africa countries. The paper recommends that the subjective nature of qualitative research should be utilised by researchers in Africa to minimise cultural and technological challenges.

K/Words

Qualitative Research; Interviews; Data Collection; Culture; Technology

Author

Nekpen E. Okhawere

Uploaded

04 March 2023
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TitleWhy is Qualitative Research Sparse in Africa? Understanding Interviews as a Data Collection method, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper addresses the reasons qualitative research appear to be more popular in the western countries than in African countries. Specifically, the paper explores interview as a qualitative data collection tool and provides details of required documents for conducting interviews. Drawing on extant literature and the observations and experiences of the authors while conducting both quantitative and qualitative research in Nigeria, an African country and Australia, a western country, the paper identifies the cultural and technological differences between Nigeria and Australia as significant for the quality of data that can be collected using interviews. In addition, cultural and technological challenges such as superstitions, lifestyle of narcissism and dominance, inaccessibility to internet services and poor urban planning are discussed as accountable for sparse qualitative research in Africa countries. The paper recommends that the subjective nature of qualitative research should be utilised by researchers in Africa to minimise cultural and technological challenges.

K/Words

Qualitative Research; Interviews; Data Collection; Culture; Technology

Author

Nekpen E. Okhawere

Uploaded

07 March 2023
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